Mystical World Wide Web

Arthurian A2Z
G

All documents, in part, in section or whole, are copyrighted and the sole property of Mystical World Wide Web. The work may not be duplicated in any form for private or public use including all electronic forms without the prior permission of the Producer (copyrighted).
Mystical World Wide Web - http://www.mystical-www.co.uk

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z




















Gaban

This able smithy is known to have crafted and forged a mighty sword for 'Gawain' (See Gawain).

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Gaheris

Third son of the 'King Lot of Lothian and Orkney' and 'Morgause', a solar hero. Brother of 'Gawain' (See Gawain), 'Agravain' (See Agravain) and 'Gareth' (See Gareth). 'Aleine' was believed to be Gaheris's niece according to Norman Grail legend. Husband of 'Lady Lynette Lyonesse' (See Lady Lynette Lyonesse).

According to Arthurian legend Gaheris was killed by 'Lancelot' (See Lancelot) when the adulterous Knight returned to free 'Guinevere' (See Guinevere) from her certain death of burning at the stake.

His mother is reported in some accounts to have had five children, the fifth being either 'Clarisant' (his missing sister) but her character is only mentioned once or 'Mordred' (See Mordred). He is said to have killed his own mother when he caught her with her lover (See Lamorak).

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Galachin

'Duke of Clarance', son of 'Elaine of Garlot' (See Elaine of Garlot) and 'Nentres of Garlot'.

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Galahad

aka 'Galahed', 'The Grail Knight'. Son of 'Elaine of Corbenic' (See Elaine de Corbenic) and 'Lancelot' (See Lancelot), nephew of 'Eliazar' (See Eliazar). He is initially unaware that he is the grandson of 'King Pelles' (See Pelles). Galahad is also thought to be a descendant of 'Celidoine, the King of Scotland', and a descendant of 'Nascien' (See Nascien).

In the thirteenth-century Galahad first appears in medieval romance in the 'Vulgate Cycle'. This Knight was introduced by 'Walter Map' (See Map), and deemed to be the purest and noblest of all in the 'Quest of the San Graal', but most writers of the Middle Ages and later including 'Malory' (See Malory) and 'Tennyson' (See Tennyson) refer to him as the only Knight worthy to achieve the quest his 'strength was as the strength of ten'.

Galahad's appearance at Arthur's court is somewhat mysterious, appearing from nowhere at a time when his father's weakness of character is being exposed. He appears as the Knights are gathered around the table and revealed by an old man who accompanies him to be the only person pure enough to take the 'Siege Perilous' (See Siege Perilous), at the Round Table. He is knighted by Arthur immediately, and according to legend, no sooner is he knighted than Galahad receives his first vision of The Grail the same evening.

The Christian portrayal of Galahad in legend is further explored in his encounter with the 'White Hart' (See White Hart), and his appearance as a hero is bolstered by Galahad being described as someone who is never beaten in battle.

He is one of only three Knights to achieve 'The Grail' (See Grail Knights). Compared to his father Galahad is a model Knight, in control of his passions and emotions who desires only to find 'The Chalice' (See Grail) in Arthurian romances. He finds The Grail at the court of King Pelles who he learns is his grandfather. He is accompanied by 'Perceval' (See Perceval) and 'Bors de Ganis' (See Bors de Ganis) (who is possibly his uncle and therefore guardian). King Pelles tells Galahad that 'Elaine' (his mother) is in fact his own daughter.

Galahad is then shown many wondrous sights by King Pelles including a 'cup of silver', 'a candlestick with seven burning candles', 'a spear with blood upon it' and 'three broken pieces of a sword (See Goon Desert) which were mended before his very eyes'. Galahad finally sees 'The Grail' itself, and is then said to have seen 'Christ'. Galahad proceeds it is said to have healed the wounds of the Pelles, the Grail King with blood from 'The Grail' (See Grail).

Whilst Bors returns to court to tell everyone what is has seen, Perceval and Galahad remain. Perceval stays because of his true love but Galahad is, having seen The Grail, described in Arthurian legend as foregoing life in order that he may stay pure. Hence he was known as 'The Grail Knight'.

In earlier versions of Arthurian legend it is Perceval who is the only Knight to achieve The Grail. It is suggested that Galahad was chosen later to symbolise purity since the later development of the relationship between his father and the Queen was one viewed as evil and sullied, therefore asserting a clear vision of hope for the future of the Knights and Britain.

Both Galahad and Perceval were successful in answering the 'Grail Question' (See Grail Question). Galahad is said to have died and been buried in the Abbey at 'Sarras' (See Sarras) having achieved The Grail here with Perceval and Bors de Ganis.

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Galahaut

aka 'The Haute Prince', the High Prince. A character of mixed reputation in Arthurian legend.

Initially introduced as an enemy of 'King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table', Galahaut undergoes a transformation of character when he is defeated at the hands of 'Lancelot' (See Lancelot), becoming his good friend.

Again Galahaut undergoes somewhat of a test of loyalty to the King, as he swears allegiance to Arthur but is seen to be a devotee of Lancelot. So dedicated to the Knight was Galahaut that he is referred to as the person who arranged for the Queen and Knight to meet for the first time. Again so devoted was he that on hearing the news that Lancelot had died, with a grief that was inconsolable, he himself died of sorrow. The news in fact was false, perhaps circulated to thrash out such sympathisers with the Queen and Lancelot, but also in Arthurian romance, a perfect example of how to develop the reputation of Lancelot, and a demonstration of the Christian doctrine which was everything indicating that such an ill-fated allegiance to what appears to be a fallen Knight was bound to end in misery.

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Galehodin

'Duke of Saintongue'. Brother of 'Lancelot' (See Lancelot).

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Ganieda

aka 'Gwenddydd.' According to Arthurian romance, she is the sister, perhaps twin sister of 'Merlin', and the unfaithful wife of 'Rhydderch hen' according to twelfth-century works. Geoffrey of Monmouth (See Geoffrey of Monmouth) introduces her in his work 'Vita Merlini'. She is thought to have lived with Merlin for much of her life, in the forest. Ganieda was reported to have the ability to foresee events, the gift of prophecy.

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Garanwyn

aka 'Goranwen'. Reputed to have been the son of 'Kei' (See Kay) and sister of 'Celeman' (See Celeman ferch Kei). Also said to have raped and murdered his sister.

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Gareth

aka 'Gareth ap Lot', Gareth, son of Lot, 'Gareth of Orkney', 'Sir Beaumains', Fair Hands.

Fourth son of 'King Lot of Orkney and Morgause'. Brother of 'Gawain' (See Gawain), 'Agravain' (See Agravain) and 'Gaheris' (See Gaheris). His mother is reported in some accounts to have had five children, the fifth being either 'Clarisant' (his missing sister) but her character is only mentioned once or 'Mordred' (See Mordred).

'Aleine' was believed to be his niece according to Norman Grail legend. Believed to be a solar hero and the husband of 'Lady Lyonesse' (See Lady Lyonesse) whom he rescues from the 'Red Knight of the Red Lands' (See Ironside).

Knighted by 'Lancelot' (See Lancelot), but he was ultimately to kill Gareth accidentally during his rescue of 'Guinevere' from the stake.

In some legends he is said to have killed 'Percad' (See Perclad).

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Gargantua

The name may be familiar to those interested in mythical monsters but the origin may not. Gargantua was the name of a fearsome giant created by 'Merlin' (See Merlin) himself out of whale bones & a precious phial of 'Lancelot's' (See Lancelot) blood.

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Garlon

An evil Knight in Grail romance. Brother of 'King Pelles' (See Pelles). Killed by 'Balin' (See Balin) at Pelles's Grail castle. Reputed to have the power of rendering himself invisible.

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Gawain

'Knight of the Goddess', of 'Sovereignty', 'Sun hero', 'Gwalchmai', 'Gwalchmei', 'Gawain of Orkney'. Eldest of the four sons of 'King Lot of Lothian and Orkney' and 'Morgause', although 'Geoffrey of Monmouth' (See Geoffrey of Monmouth) indicates him to be the son of Lot and Anna.

Gawain was the brother of 'Gaheris' (See Gaheris), 'Agravain' (See Agravain) and 'Gareth' (See Gareth). His mother is reported in some accounts to have had five children, the fifth being either 'Clarisant' (his missing sister) but her character is only mentioned once or 'Mordred' (See Mordred).

Gawain is the husband of 'Lady Ragnoll the Foul' (See Lady Ragnell the Foul). 'Gingalin' was their son. 'Aleine' was believed to be Gawain's niece according to one Norman Grail legend. In some romance legends though he is said to have been the husband of 'Soredamor' (See Soredamor).

As grandson of 'Igraine' (See Igraine) and 'Gerlois' (See Gerlois), he was also nephew to 'King Arthur' (See Arthur) making Gawain the rightful heir to High King of Britain as Arthur did not have a legitimate child of his own with Guinevere.

In the earliest reports Gawain is a hero whose adventures parallel that of Arthur and 'Lancelot' (See Lancelot). Known as the 'Hawk of May', 'Gwalchmai' (See Gwalchmai), in the Mabinogion, a man of great strength said to be at his most powerful during the late morning and early afternoon, who is most well known confrontation being with the 'Bertilak, the Green Knight' (See Green Knight).

Later versions of the Gawain's life present a man of low morals, falling from grace having been a man of chivalrous intent and courteous to all he encountered. He transforms into a man who finds woman irresistible although he was still seen as a Knight of the Round Table. Gawain was said to have had many illegitimate children (See Florence). He was often portrayed opposite Lancelot in some of the early romances to heighten and denote his lusty nature but not as a competitor, more as a foil to highlight the hero. His squire was known as 'Gliglios' (See Gliglios).

Gawain was said to have found the 'Grail Sword' (See Grail Sword), and been successful in mending it once he had reached the place where it was made, known as 'the Forge of Wayland' (See Wayland).

He is also said to be the father of a son known as 'Wiglois' by 'Florie' (See Florie) although there is little information here.

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Geoffrey of Monmouth

Twelfth-century Welsh writer and ecclesiastic. Geoffrey's real name is suggested to be 'Grufydd ab Arthur', living during the twelfth-century (c.AD1100-54). Although his biography is somewhat scant of detail, it is thought that Geoffrey of Monmouth was either the son of Breton parents, or a Welshman. The former is thought to be more likely, with a sympathy to the Welsh.

He is known as a Welsh chronicler and ecclesiastic, who studied at Oxford, England (UK). Geoffrey was appointed 'Archdeacon of Llandarff' in c.AD1140, and later of 'Monmouth'. He is also known to have progressed to be the 'Bishop of St. Asaph' in AD1152.

The first and earliest known work connected with Geoffrey of Monmouth focusing on the Arthurian legends is that of early AD1130, when he is credited with writing 'The Prophecies of Merlin', which contains portents relating to this fifth-century figure beyond the twelfth-century.

Geoffrey's third poetic work is entitled 'Vita Merlini', The Life of Merlin, believed to have been written in c.AD1150, and seen as a biography of the adult life of 'Merlin' (See Merlin). Here Merlin is referred to as 'Rex erat et vates', King and a prophet. There is little evidence in this work to associate Merlin with any firm Druid practice or training, but it does indicate some of the more well known Druid customs and personages.

Having already developed the character of Merlin in his own work, Geoffrey is thought responsible for introducing us to the heroic Arthurian character of 'Merlin' (See Merlin) in his most well known form, previously known in Celtic legend as the Welsh bard 'Myrddim'. Many say that this version of Merlin has strong Norman and Welsh sympathies. Geoffrey develops the relationship of 'Igerna', (See Igraine) the wife of 'Gerlois, the Duke of Tintagel and Cornwall' (See Gerlois), and the King's brother 'Uther Pendragon' (See Uther Pendragon). He also refers to the coastal settlement of Tintagel, Cornwall, England (UK), as being the place where Arthur was reputed to have been conceived.

The second work and perhaps the most popular book of its time, the 'Historia Regum Britanniae', a History of the Kings of Britain, was probably written during his time at Oxford, and thought to have been completed in c.AD1137 but widely available in AD1147. It was dedicated to the legitimate son of 'Henry I', 'Robert, the Earl of Gloucester'. The preface of one of the earlier versions of this book contains a statement believed to have been written by Geoffrey saying that he 'turned this book from Kymraeg to Latin and in my old age retranslated it from Latin to Kymraeg'. Kymraeg meaning here the Welsh language. We can assume then Geoffrey first wrote this compilation in Welsh before going on to write in Latin for wider circulation. The reason for the additional translation is unclear, except that perhaps this was as a result of his liaison with Walter Map (See Map) during the latter stages of his work on Arthurian history and legend, bringing together further work of Breton origin to edit the original Latin text.

The Historia Regum Britanniae has been said to be a fictitious account of Arthur, but also that it appears to be a new approach to circulating and interpreting the Welsh Chronicles, the ancient Celtic, Cymric/Kymric practices and legends. It was written as an attempt to trace the descent of the Kings of Britain to the ancient Trojans, though possibly more as a result of an attempt to appease the Norman's. Although the historical accuracy and validity of this work in question the Historia Regum Britannaie does provide us with an insight into the chivalric associations and romantic legends built to expand the historical figure of Arthur. It is thought to be a romantic account of Arthur's actions and travels, but is seen to be important to European literature, perhaps having influenced future developments of the Arthurian legends, particularly those of the French.

Geoffrey of Monmouth presents a majestic Arthur, complete with magical sword 'Caliburn', a 'Dragon helmet' and a 'Dragon banner'. He describes Arthur as a man who was loved by almost all the people. Here Arthur is reported to have fought with success in the north of Britain against the Saxons, and again when they re-appeared in the South West (UK) where Arthur attacked to break up the 'Siege of Bath', a crusade against the Pagans. Arthur appears as defender of Christianity, driving out pagan heresy, conquering Denmark, Norway and Gaul. Arthur is seen as a victor and oversaw twelve years of peace. Geoffrey locates Arthur's come in 'Caerleon' (See Camelot), with a great court, a match for any in Rome, where trading and tournaments took place. Arthur is depicted as planning to conquer Rome when he was subject to the treachery of 'Mordred' (See Mordred), and also of 'Guinevere' (See Guinevere). Arthur engages in the fatal 'Battle of Camlan' with his nephew Mordred, who is slain and Arthur mortally wounded. Arthur is taken to the Isle of Avalon (See Avalon) to have his injuries attended to. We are not told Arthur dies but in fact Geoffrey strongly hints that one day Arthur would return to save the Britons. The possibility of Arthur returning provided the Normans with the opportunity to gain support for ousting the Saxons and removing Britain out of their control.

Geoffrey is believed to have been influenced in his later writing by his collaboration with Walter Map who was in the process of researching ancient legend and history for his own work 'De Nugis Curialum', 'Of Courtier's Trifles'. Map was also a Welsh man and a clerk to 'Henry II' which may have assisted in supporting the validity of Geoffrey's work but this is speculation.

Geoffrey and Map are thought largely responsible for the introduction of the concept of chivalry and manners to Arthurian legend. Map is known to have introduced Geoffrey to a Breton book, written in the British language, that contained many ancient customs and stories, including that of Arthurian connection, which is thought to have aided his development of tracing the ancestral line of the British Kings. It is said that only those who had some knowledge of Kymric could understand and interpret the content of this Breton book (the title of which is uncertain). Map is thought to have influenced the introduction of a Norman vision of Arthur in Arthurian legend, and that it was may have been Map who first led Geoffrey to make firm the associations of Arthur with Christianity, with Arthur then seen to be the embodiment of the perfect Christian Knight.

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Gereint

aka 'Geraint', 'Prince of Devon', 'King of Dumnonia', 'Erec'. Husband of 'Enid' (See Enid), and later a Knight of the Round Table. Although the is little evidence he is said to be the father of a son named 'Cadwy', brother of 'Dywel' and 'Ermid', son of 'Erbin'.

The legend telling of his experiences in the 'Joy of the Court' are very similar to those in the story of 'Delbchaem' of Irish legend (See Delbchaem). Son of 'Erbin' in the Mabinogion, a work that is often said to have influenced the writing of 'Tennyson's' 'Geraint and Enid' (Idylls of the King). (See Tennyson).

This character in Arthurian legend was much popularised by 'Chrétien de Troyes' (See Chrétien de Troyes) in 'Gereint and Enid', 'Erec and Enide'. His relationship with Enid was explored further, leading us to understand that Gerient was upset by his wife's tears not because he thought she loved him but because he believed she had been unfaithful, hence as far as he was concerned they were tears of guilt.

As a result Gereint takes Enid everywhere with him, and proceeds to treat her miserably. At 'Owain's' castle (See Owain) he encountered a maiden sitting in a chair of gold in the middle off the enchanted hedge. Defeating a knight which suddenly appeared from the hedge, Gerient was successful in ending all enchantment that lay within as he blew the orchard's horn.

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Gerlois

aka 'Gorlois', 'Duke of Cornwall', 'Duke of Tintagel', husband of 'Igerna' (See Igraine). Father of 'Morgause' (See Morgause), 'Morgan le Fay' (See Morgan le Fay) and 'Elaine of Garlot' (See Elaine of Garlot).

He was killed as 'Arthur' was conceived, a son not of his flesh, but of 'Uther' (See Uther Pendragon) who was determined to have his wife. His wife did not know that she lay with Uther as he was disguised by the help of 'Merlin' (See Merlin).

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Gildas

Monk of the sixth-century Celtic Church, student of 'Illtyd/Illytud', closely associated with Glastonbury monastery (See Glastonbury). Gildas, with 'Kea' (See Kea), is believed to have attempted to restore peace between 'Arthur' (See Arthur) and 'Mordred' (See Mordred). Also that he advised Arthur to send 'Guinevere' (See Guinevere) to a nunnery after her liaison with 'Lancelot' (See Lancelot). (See Mystical-WWW Mystical Time : Dates, 29 January for more information on Gildas).

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Gilfaethwy

Son of 'Don the Enchanter', brother of 'Gwydion' (See Gwydion) and 'Arianrhod' (See Arianrhod). Nephew of 'Math' (See Math).

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Gililen

According to the work 'Vita Merlini' by 'Geoffrey of Monmouth' (See Geoffrey of Monmouth) she is described as a sister of 'Morgan le Fey' (See Morgan le Fay).

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Gingalin

aka 'Guinglain', 'Gwingalin', 'Guinglan'. Legitimate son of 'Sir Gawain' (See Gawain) and 'Lady Ragnell' (See Lady Ragnell the Foul). Reputed to have been one of the Knights killed by 'Lancelot' (See Lancelot) at 'Guinevere's' (See Guinevere) chamber.

In the story of 'Esmeree' (See Esmeree) Guinglan rescues her from enchantment with the assistance of her hand maiden known as 'Helie' (See Helie).

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Gismirante

A Knight who rescued a king's daughter.

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Glewlwyd

aka 'Gafaelfawr'. According to Welsh legend he is one of Arthur's porters, there being four in total. Also reputed to be his gatekeeper.

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Gliglios

Squire to 'Gawain' (See Gawain), lover of 'Beaute' (See Beaute).

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Glitonea

According to the work 'Vita Merlini' by 'Geoffrey of Monmouth' (See Geoffrey of Monmouth) Glitonea was one of the twelve sisters of 'Morgan le Fey' (See Morgan le Fay).

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Goewin

Footholder of 'Math' (See Math), raped by Math's nephew 'Gilfaethwy'.

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Gogannon

'God of Smithcraft', son of 'Don'. Said in early Welsh legends to have killed his nephew 'Dylan' (See Dylan) accidentally.

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Gogmagog

aka 'Goemagot'. A giant of legend that is featured in the life of the mythical 'King Brutus' (See Brutus) who was responsible for attacking the king when he arrived in Britain from Troy (See Corineus).

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Goleuddydd

Mother of 'Culhwch' (See Culhwch) and wife of 'Celyddon Wledig'. Her character in Welsh legend is reputed to very similar to that of the mother of 'Tristan' (See Tristan) known as 'Demoiselle Blanchefleur'(See Demoiselle Blanchefleur).

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Goll mac Morna

Father of 'Fionn' (See Fionn). Leader of the 'Fianna' (See Fianna) before his son. Their tempestuous relationship was to be one of the causes which brought about the break-up of the Fianna.

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Goon Desert

aka 'Gornumant'. In Norman Grail legends he is the brother of the 'Fisher King' (See Fisher King), most popularised by 'Chrétien de Troyes' (See Chrétien de Troyes) in the 'Conte del Graal'.

The names are believed to be developments of the Welsh 'Gwyn, Son of Nudd', (See Gwynn ap Nudd) also known as the 'King of the Demons of the Otherworld'.

Father of 'The Grail Maiden' residing at the 'Castle of Quiguagrant'.

It is said that as a result of Goon Desert murdering the Knight 'Espinogee' that the prophecy regarding the quest for 'The Grail' was made by Espinogee's sister. She said that the sword that had killed him would not rest, remaining broken until The Grail was found. Her uncle is then wounded by the broken pieces of the sword, and according to one Arthurian legend his wounds are healed by 'Perceval' (See Perceval). The sword itself is mended when 'Galahad' (See g.htm#GHAD">Galahad) the 'Grail Knight' finds The Grail at the castle of 'King Pelles' (See Pelles).

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Gorboduc

Mythical 'King of Britain', father of 'Porrex' and 'Ferrex'. (See Ferrex).

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Goreu

One of twenty-four children, he was a son of the giant 'Custennin' (See Custennin). Believed to have avenged his father's treatment by 'Yspaddaden Pencawr' (See Yspaddaden Pencawr). He was responsible for the release of 'Gwair' (See Gwair).

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Gorias

The city home of 'Lugh' (See l.htm#LUGH">Lugh) from where the 'Tuatha de Danaan' (See Tuatha de Danaan) brought the 'Spear of Lugh' to Ireland as one of the four sacred 'Hallows' (See Hallows).

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Gorlagon

A knight cursed to become a wolf, believed to be the same character as 'Marrok' (See Marrok).

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Goroien

According to the work 'Vita Merlini' by 'Geoffrey of Monmouth' (See Geoffrey of Monmouth) Goroien was one of the twelve sisters of 'Morgan le Fey' (See Morgan le Fay).

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Gotegrim

Recorded in some legends as the brother of 'Guinevere' (See g.htm#GV">Guinevere).

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Gowther

From Arthurian romance this character is mentioned briefly as he is the son of a Knight. Gowther is an evil man who eventually repents, unlike his father following a personal struggle to rid himself of negative powers.

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Grail King

aka 'Wounded King', 'The Fisher King'. According to Arthurian legend and Welsh tradition the Grail King was said to be of the same ancestral line as 'Joseph of Arimathea' (See Joseph of Arimathea) 'Bran the Blessed' (See Bran the Blessed), 'Pellam' (See Pellam), 'Brons' (See Brons), 'Anfortas' (See Anfortas), 'Manawyddan' (See Manawyddan), 'Pryderi' (See Pryderi).

The Grail King (See Grail King) is said to have seen The Grail himself, and then continues to act as a Guardian of the sacred object (See Hallows). It is customary for the Guardian to be wounded (See Wounded King) usually by the 'Dolorous Blow' with the Spear or Sword. His role is not seen to be easy one. He is conscious of the fragility of life and of mortality. He is also aware of the realms of immortality, a realm to which he proceeds. This is usually referred to as 'The Blessed Realms' but it has been seen to have many associations including the 'Fortunate Isles' (See Fortunate Isles), 'Avalon' (See Avalon).

The Grail Kings are further associated with the 'Fisher Kings' in Arthurian legend (See Fisher King).

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Grail Knight

See Galahad. See Grail Knights.

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Grail Knights

aka 'Grail Questers'. The Grail Knights are described as being the men who are Knights of the Round Table (See Round Table), but are Knights specifically seeking The Grail (as not all those knighted were seen to be Grail Knights).

Throughout the many legends there are only three who were said to have seen The Grail itself. In earlier versions it was 'Perceval' (See Perceval) alone, but later 'Galahad' (See Galahad) and 'Bors' (See Bors de Ganis) also reached the court of 'King Pelles' (See Pelles) and saw the sacred objects. While Galahad and Perceval remain, Bors returns to the court to tell everyone of what he has seen (See Grail Question).

Some legends also tell of the Grail being found at 'Sarras' (See Sarras). One of the most well-known tasks that all Grail Seekers must complete as they approach the 'Castle of the Grail' is the crossing of the 'Sword-Bridge' (See Sword-Bridge) traditionally seen pre-Christian Arthurian Grail romance as a bridge to the 'Otherworld' (See Otherworld).

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Grail Question

The asking of the Grail Question was believed to have led to the healing of both the 'Wounded King' (See Wounded King) and 'The Wasteland' (See Wasteland). Those seeking 'The Grail' (See Grail Knights) were said to have viewed 'The Hallows' (See Hallows) before attempting to complete the quest. After seeing The Hallows, it is said that the Grail seeker must ask 'what the purpose of the quest is and what it will mean?'. Not all those viewing The Hallows will ask the question, as only the one who is to attempt the quest will know the question and speak it for everyone to hear.

According to legend, 'Galahad' (See Galahad) and 'Perceval' (See Perceval) were both successful in answering the question - seeing and ultimately finding The Grail itself.

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Grail Sword

In Arthurian legend, this sword was originally owned by the Celtic 'Wounded King' (See Wounded King), and was also known as 'The Sword of Light', or 'The Sword of Nuadu' (See Hallows). The sword was said to have been found by 'Gawain' (See Gawain). This sword was broken in two places and it was Gawain's task to find the place of origin.

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Great Lord

See Manawyddan. See Rhydderch the Generous. See Teyron Turf Liant.

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Great Queen

See Morrighan. See Rhinannon. See Rigantona.

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Green Knight

aka 'Bertilak', 'Bercelak'. Welsh tradition. Opponent of 'Gawain' (See Gawain). Similar to 'Hafgan' (See Hafgan). Also considered to be similar to 'Gromer Somer Joure' (See Gromer Somer Joure).

It is said in Arthurian legend that the Green Knight was based upon the story of 'CuChulainn's Challenge' (See CuChulainn) to 'Cu Roi mac Daire' (See Cu Roi mac Daire) at 'Bricriu's' feast. The Green Knight was the victim of an enchantment brought about by the work of 'Morgan le Fay' (See Morgan le Fay). He is known to have drawn Gawain into the 'Beheading Game'. The noble Gawain was helped by Lady Bertilak by the wearing of a protective sword sheath, or baldric and so although Gawain was successful in defeating and beheading the Green Knight/Bertilak, he was then forced to wear the 'green baldric' also known as 'green garter', the 'endless knot', the 'five-pointed star' to indicate his success was a result of someone else's help.

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Grey Lady

This character of Arthurian legend was revered as the protector of the 'Thirteen Treasures of Britain' (See Hallows of Britain) which 'Arthur' (See Arthur) attempted to recover form 'Annwn' (See Annwn). Described in many legends as a ghost lady.

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Griflet

aka 'Jaufre'. Husband of 'Frieda'. Believed to have been the first chosen by 'Arthur' for his company of men, and the last to see him alive at the 'Battle of Camlan' (See Camlan), after which he threw Arthur's (See Arthur) sword 'Excalibur' (See Excalibur) into the lake and ensured that he was safely on the boat to 'Avalon' (See Avalon). Transforms in Arthurian legend to 'Sir Bedivere' (See Bedivere) who is later said to be the first Knight of the Round Table and 'Jaufre' (See Jaufre) in the writings of 'Malory' (See Malory).

In early Arthurian legend it is said that Griflet and Arthur were the same age, and that Griflet was the first man to stand with Arthur, hence perhaps to his becoming the first Knight of the Round Table following Arthur's coronation as High King of Britain in some stories as oppose to the later Bedivere.

In some of the Arthurian legends/books the character of Griflet is replaced/confused with the character of 'Kay' (See Kay).

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Gromer Somer Joure

'Lord of the Summer's Day'. Aka 'Green Knight' (See Green Knight). Opponent of 'Gawain'. Similar to the character of 'Hafgan' (See Hafgan). Brother of 'Lady Ragnell the Foul' (See Lady Ragnell the Foul).

In Welsh traditions Gromer is said to have been able to transform his physical shape by means of enchantment, and to have been very powerful, even capturing Arthur according to the story of 'Gawain (See Gawain) and Dame Ragnell' (See Lady Ragnell the Foul). 'Morgan le Fay' (See Morgan le Fay) is said to have originally placed the enchantment upon Gromer. Here Gromer is believed to have questioned Arthur upon the issue of women's desires, and what it was that they most longed for! Ragnell is said to have been prepared to provide Arthur with the answer (See Lady Ragnell the Foul) only if, in return, the Knight Gawain would marry her, a match that eventually bore fruit.

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Guendolena

aka 'Gwendolena'. In some Arthurian legends she is the wife of 'Merlin' (See Merlin). 'Rhyd-derch Hael' (See Rhyd-derch Hael) was later to become her husband following the reported accounts of Merlin's loss of sanity when he withdrew to the forest.

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Guendoloena

First wife of 'Locrinis' (See Locrinis) whom he later divorced. She was said to have been so angered at her husband's decision to divorce her for his concubine 'Estrildis' (See Estrildis) that she amassed an army against him, and entered into battle with him during which he was killed.

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z




























































Guinevere

aka, 'Guinever', 'Guenever', 'Guinevere of Rheged', 'Gwenhwyfar', 'Queen of Britain'. Her name has been suggested to be a corruption of the word 'Guanhumara' which is a development of the Welsh word 'Gwenhwyfar' meaning more faithless (Triad 56). It is also believed by some to be of Irish origin. One of the four 'Flower Maidens'. (See Flower Maidens).

Daughter of 'Leodegrance', 'King of Cameliard' in medieval romance. Reputed to be have a brother known as 'Gotegrim', and in the Mabinogion an identical or half-sister known as 'Gwenhwyach'. Cousin of 'Guiomar' (See Guiomar).

There are many legends surrounding this character, of both early and late Arthurian legend, and also of Breton and Welsh origin. In the early Triads, Guinevere is said to have been one of the three Great Goddesses (See Sovereignty), one of the Triple Goddesses (See Morrighan), one of the Triple Gwynhwyfar, and one of 'Great Arthur's Three Queens' (Triad 56) according to the Welsh Triads at Arthur's (See Arthur) court.

Many of the first legends that include Guinevere indicate her to have been 'Mordred's' (See Mordred) wife, whilst others dispute this indicating that he wanted her as his wife but never won the Queen. This is thought to have been suggested to lend weight to the argument that he was determined to take the thrown from Arthur. Others tell of how Guinevere is said to have been saved from the clutches of 'Meleagraunce' (See Melwas) either by 'Lancelot' (See Lancelot) or Arthur. Her abduction is detailed in the 'Life of St. Gildas' (AD1130) (See Gildas). 'Chrétien de Troyes' (See Chrétien de Troyes) develops his Arthurian romances around this event.

As wife of 'King Arthur', as 'High Queen of Britain' she appears in Geoffrey of Monmouth's 'Historia Regum Brittaniae' (See Geoffrey of Monmouth) which was then a main source to be accessed for all ensuing Arthurian Romances when she is portrayed as unfaithful, causing the disintegration of the Round Table. 'Tennyson' (See Tennyson) refers to Guinevere having 'spoilt the purpose'. Arthur, according to some legends, is said to have met Guinevere when defending the kingdom of her father against attack. He was victorious and during the ensuing feast is served by a beautiful lady, who he later learns is the King's daughter

Towards the end of the twelfth-century Guinevere appears in the work of 'Chrétien de Troyes' entitled 'Chavalier de la Charrette', and in 'Lancelot', 'Sir Lancelot' is portrayed as her rescuer, but as later developments of the legend also implied, he was to become her adulteress lover.

'Malory' (See Malory) is known to have introduced the idea Mordred revealing to Arthur that his wife was conducting a secret adulterous relationship with Lancelot, and that of Guinevere being burned at the stake for her adultery. In this form Guinevere is said to have travelled to France, to 'Joyous Gard' (See Joyous Gard) with the help of her lover. The betrayed husband swiftly followed the couple and found them in the castle. In this version she is said to have then entered a nunnery (monastery of Amesbury), as previously advised by 'Gildas' (See Gildas) whilst Lancelot was exciled in France. As a last footnote, Lancelot is said to have come to Guinevere on her deathbed.

'Maelgwn, King of Gwynedd' and 'Elizabel' (See Elizabel) were said to be her cousins.

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Guinganbresil

Husband of 'Tancree' (See Tancree).

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Guiomar

First lover of 'Morgan le Fay' (See Morgan le Fay). He is a cousin of 'Guinevere' (See Guinevere). The Queen discovers their relationship, and Guiomar is banished leaving Morgan to seath with anger, despite the fact that her husband's reputation had been saved (See Urien).

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Guireomelant

Lover of 'Clarisant'. (See Clarisant). The father of this character in Arthurian legend is said to sought revenge upon 'Gawain' (See Gawain) who had killed his father. Fortunately, Guireomelant and Gawain resolve, following a fearsome fight, to make peace with one another.

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Gundebald

Feared as a powerful King of the land from which no-one would return alive..

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Guyomard

Legend says that Guyomard was the lover of 'Morgan le Faye' (See Morgan le Fay) who betrayed her.

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Gwair

aka 'Gweir'. This name is given to many of the characters included in Mabinogion, including the character of 'Mabon' (See Mabon). Gwair is mentioned in the 'Spoils of Annwn' (See Taliesin) in relation to the 'Caer Sidi' (See Caer Sidi), 'Pwyll' (See Pwyll) and 'Pryderi' (See Pryderi). According to the accounts in this poem he was held prisoner at the Grail Castle, released by 'Goreu' (See Goreu).

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Gwalchmei

aka 'Gwalchmai', 'Gawain' (See Gawain). The forerunner to 'Arthur's' (See Arthur) nephew, his name meaning 'hawk', a name given to the ancient Egyptian 'God Horus' (See Horus), or 'Osiris' (See Osiris) in another form. Arthur himself is associated with the crow, legend telling that this bird carried the hero's spirit, and therefore traditionally a bird never to be killed.

Thought to possibly to be essentially the same character as 'Eliwlod' (See Eliwlod) and said to be the father of a son named 'Biausdous'.

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Gwenddolau

Defeated at the 'Battle of Arfderydd' by 'Rhydderch Hael' (See Rhydderch Hael). According to legends in the Welsh Triads and Mabinogion 'The Chessboard of Gwenddolau' (See Chessboard of Gwenddolau) was incredibly beautiful and possessed mystical powers. The board was said to be made of both silver and gold the figures were believed to be able to continue playing by themselves once each had been set in their rightful place.

A chessboard of similar powers is later included in the stories of 'Peredur' (See Peredur).

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Gwenhwyach

According to the legends contained within the 'Mabinogion' she was a twin sister, or half-sister of 'Guinevere' (See Guinevere), but possessed quite a different nature.

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Gwenhwyfar

Meaning 'White One'. See Guinevere.

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Gwern

Son of 'Branwen' (See Branwen) and 'Matholwych, King of Ireland' (See Matholwych). Gwern became the King of Ireland as Matholwych was deposed after the Britons and Irish unite under the leadership of 'Bran the Blessed' (See Bran the Blessed). Gwern suffers a reprisal attack for his insults though as he is thrown into the fire at the feast by his uncle 'Efnissien' (See Efnissien).

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Gwion

The boy who drank three drops from the cauldron prepared for 'Morfran' (See Morfran), son of 'Ceridwen' (See Ceridwen), and is chased by her as described in 'The Spoils of Annwn' written by 'Taliesin' (See Taliesin), son of Gwion. In some legends Taliesin is seen to be the same character as Gwion, following in the belief of how transformations were undertaken to create a poet in ancient law. Further described as Taliesin reborn.

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Gwrtheyn

A Welsh King mentioned in the story of 'Ambrosius' (See Ambrosius).

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Gwyddno

aka 'Gwydno', 'Gwyddno Garanhir'. Said to be the father of 'Elphin' (See Elphin) in Welsh legend.

In Norman Grail legend Gwuddno is the owner of a weir which produces one-hundred pounds worth of fish each eve of the First Day of May. It is in this salmon weir belonging to 'King Maelgwn' that 'Taliesin' (See Taliesin) was thought to have been found. His brother/companion was, in Welsh tradition, 'Gwyn, Son of Nudd' (See Gwynn ap Nudd), also known as 'Gornumant', or 'Goon Desert', who had the 'Fisher King' (See Fisher King), or 'Pwyll, Lord of Annwn' (See Pwyll) as a brother. His horses were said to have been poisoned by the remaining contents of 'Ceridwen's Cauldron' (See Ceridwen) after 'Gwion' (See Gwion) had taken the three drops intended for her son..

He is also said to have been the owner of a powerful cauldron which gave him the ability to feed many people from it, which was also known as 'The Hamper of Gwyddno Garanhir'. The hamper was said to be able to provide food to the courageous; it was said that by placing the meal for one man within it and closing it a hundred-meals would be found when it was next opened. The hamper was considered to be one of 'Thirteen Treasures of Britain' (See Hallows of Britain) for which Arthur journeyed to 'Annwn' (See Annwn) to recover as told in the 'Spoils of Annwn' by 'Taliesin' (See Taliesin).

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Gwydion

Brother of sister 'Arianrhod' (See Arianrhod), of brother 'Gilfaethwy' and in the Welsh Triads as the brother of 'Amathleon' (See Amathleon) as also told in 'Taliesin's' 'Cad Goddeu'. Son of 'Don, the Enchanter' and steward to his uncle 'Math' (See Math).

Gwydion is said to have been the cause of the battles between 'Gwynedd' and 'Dyfed', after he visited the court of 'Pryderi' (See Pryderi) in disguise. Following his receipt of horses and greyhounds he left the court only to later kill Pryderi for which he was tracked down by Pryderi's men. When Gwydion surrendered to Math and during the next three years, he was turned into a stag, then a sow and then a wolf. Arianrhod was proposed as Math's new footholder. He is said to have raised one of her two sons known as 'Llew' (See Llew).

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Gwynn ap Nudd

'Gwynn, son of Nudd', 'Leader of the Wild Hunt'. 'Lord of the Underworld', 'Lord of the Dead', 'Ruler of the Faerie Realm' who was reputed to have been beaten by 'Collen' (See Collen) at 'Glastonbury Tor' (See Glastonbury). One of the 'Sidhe' (See Aes Sidhe).

Son of 'Seli' and 'Nudd'. Brother or perhaps companion of 'Gwydno'. (See Arawn). Stole 'Creiddylad' from her lover (See Creiddylad).

In Norman Grail legend, the name 'Goon Desert' (See Goon Desert) belongs to the brother of the 'Fisher King' (See Fisher King) and it is thought that it is a development of the Welsh 'Gwyn, Son of Nudd, King of the Demons of the Otherworld'.

Gwynn had a companion/brother called 'Gwydno' (See Gwydno) who is said to have owned a salmon weir where one-hundred pounds worth of fish were caught on the eve of the first day of May each year. It is said that this is the place where 'Taliesin' (See Taliesin) was found in a leather bag.

Aided 'Culhwch' (See Culhwch) and 'Arthur' (See Arthur) in completing the thirty-nine impossible tasks.

Gwynn ap Nudd is associated with the owl, a symbolic creature of the night and the dead (See Owl) to the ancient Celts.

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Gwyn of Neath

Known to have been the sister of 'Yder'.

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z








































Gwythyr ap Greidawl

Lover and intended husband of 'Creiddylad' (See Creiddylad) but she was stolen from him by 'Gwynn ap Nudd' (See Gwynn ap Nudd). Aided 'Culhwch' (See Culhwch) and 'Arthur' (See Arthur) in completing the thirty-nine impossible tasks.

BACK 2 ARTHURIAN A2 Z

All documents, in part, in section or whole, are copyrighted and the sole property of Mystical World Wide Web. The work may not be duplicated in any form for private or public use including all electronic forms without the prior permission of the Producer (copyrighted).
Mystical World Wide Web - http://www.mystical-www.co.uk

Producer mellpaul@mystical-www.co.uk